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NY: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.,īranch, Taylor. Taming the Storm?The Life and Times of Judge Frank M. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) Division. They are preserved by the National Archives at Atlanta in Morrow, Georgia, in Record Group 21, Records District Courts of the United States, U.S. Parks's arrest are copies that were submitted as evidence in the Browder v. The documents shown here relating to Mrs. Johnson, Jr., and upheld by the United States Supreme court on November 13, 1956.įor a quiet act of defiance that resonated throughout the world, Rosa Parks is known and revered as the 'Mother of the Civil Rights Movement.'

The ruling was made by a three-judge panel that included Frank M. District Court for the region ruled in another case that racial segregation of public buses was unconstitutional. While her appeal was tied up in the state court of appeals, a panel of three judges in the U.S. Parks was convicted under city law, her lawyer filed a notice of appeal. It was during the boycott that Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., first achieved national fame as the public became acquainted with his powerful oratory.Īfter Mrs. Martin Luther King, Jr., the 26-year-old minister of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, emerged as a leader during the well-coordinated, peaceful boycott that lasted 381 days and captured the world's attention. Her arrest became a rallying point around which the African American community organized a bus boycott in protest of the discrimination they had endured for years. Nixon, president of the Montgomery chapter. Parks was active in the local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), serving as secretary to E.D. She was, however, a woman of unchallenged character who was held in high esteem by all those who knew her. Parks was not the first person to be prosecuted for violating the segregation laws on the city buses in Montgomery. When she called home, she spoke to her mother, whose first question was 'Did they beat you?' The police report shows that she was charged with 'refusing to obey orders of bus driver.' For openly challenging the racial laws of her city, she remained at great physical risk while held by the police, and her family was terrified for her.

Parks was booked, fingerprinted, and briefly incarcerated. Officers Day and Mixon came and promptly arrested her. Parks defied his order, he called the police. The law was actually somewhat murky on that point, but when Mrs. James Blake, the driver, believed he had the discretion to move the line separating black and white passengers. Parks remained seated, arguing that she was not in a seat reserved for whites. Eventually, three of the passengers moved, while Mrs. Parks and the other three passengers seated in that row, all African Americans, to vacate their seats for the white passengers boarding.

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When the bus became crowded, the bus driver instructed Mrs. Parks was seated in the first row behind those 10 seats. On the city buses of Montgomery, Alabama, the front 10 seats were permanently reserved for white passengers. Rosa Parks, an African American, was arrested that day for violating a city law requiring racial segregation of public buses. Before she reached her destination, she quietly set off a social revolution when the bus driver instructed her to move back, and she refused. On December 1, 1955, during a typical evening rush hour in Montgomery, Alabama, a 42-year-old woman took a seat on the bus on her way home from the Montgomery Fair department store where she worked as a seamstress. An Act of Courage, The Arrest Records of Rosa Parks

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